Thurgood Marshall Essay Research Paper After the free essay sample

Thurgood Marshall Essay, Research Paper After the Reconstruction period, African Americans had won freedom and no longer were seen as emanations of the whiteman, although, something even more evil existed, segregation. This job made life for many black people an ever-continuing battle. Black people were forced to go to separate schools, churches, hotels, and even eating houses. At the clip, white males dominated the work force and many African Americans seldom found good paying occupations. The tribunal system judged people of colour more harshly than people of white tegument, which led to unjust sentences and lynchings. A lynching is when a individual is hanged or executed without a test ; they were really common during this clip period. African Americans could merely take so much of this, they cried out against the unequal ways that white people practiced. Foundations were formed to help these people and convey justness to the society they were populating in. We will write a custom essay sample on Thurgood Marshall Essay Research Paper After the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The NAACP ( National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ) was likely the most important of these foundations. This was the same organisation that Thurgood Marshall became the taking attorney of. Thurgood Marshall was born in the twelvemonth of 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland. He was prepped and raised by his female parent, Norma Arica Marshall, and his male parent, William Canfield Marshall. Thurgood # 8217 ; s female parent was one of the first African Americans to graduate from Colombia University and his male parent was the first black individual to function on Baltimore # 8217 ; s expansive jury in the twentieth century. Their achievements influenced immature Thurgood in the old ages yet to come. Thurgood was ever top of his game and graduating from an all black high school in Baltimore at 16 and graduating from Howard Law School in Washington D.C. foremost of his category, proved it. During his clip at Howard, Thurgood met and finally married his first married woman, Vivian Burey. After completing up jurisprudence school in 1933, Thurgood moved to New York City, where he was subsequently recruited as a staff attorney to NAACP. During his old ages spent with the NAACP, Thurgood helped develop a scheme to contend racial segregation throughout the United States. He brought many instances before legion tribunals but the instances he brought before the Supreme Court were his greatest accomplishments. Thurgood won about all of the instances he argued before the Supreme Court. Through his tribunal triumphs, he convinced the tribunals to strike down patterns in several provinces that prevented inkinesss from voting. Due to Thurgood, the Supreme Court agreed that tribunals could non implement private understandings non to sell land to black people. These were major stairss frontward in the battle to stop segregation but Thurgood? s most of import triumph came in a instance covering with racial segregation in public schools, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Thurgood managed to carry the tribunal to nem con declare segregation in public schools unconstitutional under the? equal protection clause? of the Fourteenth Amendment. In add-on to the triumph of this instance, Thurgood fought to win six other Supreme Court instances during the 1950s, taking to the integration of public Parkss, swimming pools, local coach systems and athletic installations. Even after his retirement as a attorney for the NAACP, Thurgood continued to contend for the rights of racial minorities, the uneducated and the hapless. In 1965, Thurgood was nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Lyndon Johnson and subsequently confirmed by the Senate to the function of an associate justness. He became the first black justness to function in the Supreme Court in the history of the U.S. With this high ranking place, Thurgood was determined to stop inequality one time and for all in the U.S. Up until his decease in 1993, Thurgood Marshall wrote more than 300 documents and essays on his personal beliefs and tribunal instances that he had dealt with. He declared that his documents should be unfastened for immediate usage by bookmans, journalists, and others. I selected Thurgood Marshall because I believe he made the most important difference in the U.S. every bit far as extinguishing unequal racial intervention, an even bigger difference than such celebrated people as Martin Luther King Jr. made. Over the class of less than a century, Thurgood shaped the U.S. to be a much more unfastened and equal state for African Americans and people of other racial minorities. He was an unbelievable individual and I enjoyed researching him every bit good as composing a study on him. To be rather honorable, I truly did non hold an as realistic apprehension on the clip epoch racial segregation occurred before I researched Thurgood Marshall. To larn how evil and barbarous white people were back so disgusted me. To understand this helped me in many ways to detect how much attempt Thurgood put into stoping this period of inequality. In a manner, I believe that if Thurgood Marshall had neer been born, racial segregation would still be today. That is why I think Thurgood? s function in history was so of import. 329

Speculative Fiction Essays - Fiction, Literature, Culture

Speculative Fiction Essays - Fiction, Literature, Culture Speculative Fiction Fiction considered literary by nature, elements of fantasy and science fiction, focuses on issues of social change. Sub-genres: horror, dystopian, futuristic, utopia, apocalyptic, post-apocalyptic. Handmaid's Tale: futuristic, dystopian. Dystopian Fiction Undesirable place, nothing is perfect, plagued with disease and destruction and death. Psychoanalytical Criticism Freudian reading of the story, argues that secret unconscious desires and anxieties of the author or protagonist are represented in the writing. Handmaid's Tale: each of the characters acts as a mirror for Offred. Postmodernism Relies on conventions like: fragmentation (flashbacks), paradox, unreliable narrator, unrealistic/impossible plot, games, paradox, paranoia, dark humor (historical note), authorial self-reference (historical note). Absolute meanings are rejected and the possibility of multiple meanings or a lack of meaning within a work is highlighted and celebrated. Ecocriticism Looks at events/aspects/factors concerning the relationships between living organisms in their natural environment as well as their relationships with that environment. Feminist Criticism How women are represented in literature. Informed by feminist theory, or, more broadly, by the politics of feminism. It uses feminist principles and ideology to critique the language of literature. It seeks to analyze and describe the ways in which literature portrays the narrative of male domination by exploring the economic, social, political, and psychological forces embedded within literature.

Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Safety - Essay Example For example, although a person is in a secure place such as a well-founded and guarded building if the person is haunted by psychological harm, that individual cannot be said to be safe. Safety should include not only one aspect of life but the total conditions of an individual. Hence, when there is nothing that puts someone at risk of anything in whichever of the aforementioned aspects, the circumstance is considered safe. My personal definition of safety is supported by Webster in his definition of the word as the â€Å"state or condition of freedom from danger, risk or injury†. Furthermore, Merriam-Webster dictionary defines safety as â€Å"the condition of being safe from undergoing or causing hurt, injury or loss†. Although the aforementioned definitions do not specify the boundaries of the descriptions, I have taken the liberty of doing so in my personal definition of the word. I believe that my understanding and definition of safety is quite similar to its general definition. Based from the references mentioned above, it could be comprehended that the word means the absence or state of freedom from whatever brings harm, danger, hurt or injury whether it is physical, mental or

Corporation acquisitions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporation acquisitions - Assignment Example Shareholder losses happen when firms are acquired because acquisitions have not been planned as such in the past and hence there are no forecasts that are done prior to acquiring new corporations (Scott 1994). Shareholder losses usually mean a great amount of distress for the people who invest a great deal within these firms who now have gone ahead and decided to acquire new corporations. The fundamentals of corporate acquisitions have focused a great deal on how different avenues of corporate success have been envisaged and how these bring in value and the expected returns for the sake of the firms which have expansion desires (Schnee 2004). In essence, corporate acquisitions are usually seen with a skeptical viewpoint because these are at times very diabolical in nature and do not always bring in the desired value in terms of financial success that a firm might have thought into in the past. References Gaughan, P (1999). Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings. Wiley Sc hnee, E (2004). Corporate Acquisition Expenses. Journal of Accountancy, Vol. 197 Scott, C (1994). Corporate Control and Accountability: Changing Structures and the Dynamics of Regulation. Clarendon Press

Case Study and Assignment (easy work) Research Paper

Case Study and Assignment (easy work) - Research Paper Example By the end of 2011, the Kenyan Shilling had experienced a major fall from trading to a cost of 80.09 to 110.12 to the Dollar. This depreciation affected negatively on savings and investments. Kenyan people are concentrating on food stuffs more which were on the rise since man cannot live without food. However, Central Bank of Kenya tried to raise interest rates to tackle the devaluation of the Shilling and inflation. The governor was put on notice regarding the sharp fall of the currency but no critical answer was given by him. Kenya is to hold elections in 2012, so devaluation of the Shilling was directly and indirectly involved. Big fish in the political arena were assumed to best benefit from the high exchange rate by selling off the amount of dollars that one was possessing, thus campaign money availability to them. That is an indirect involvement. Central Bank reaction was a bit slow since they believed it was an external force which was hitting the Shilling. Noticing that speculative effects were also coming in, and external sources were neither slowing down, it reacted by its governor stating that he was determined to see exchange rates being propelled by the market. Generally the Shillings confidence would be undermined if decisive action was to be taken against external forces. In regards to this, the exporters are the major beneficial of this happening while importers cry foul. Also the risk takers of foreign currency loans had a bad financial end year. Central Bank was indeed, able to control th e Shilling due to its application of banking principles on top of its objectives. While banks form a major backbone to any country, the Central Bank is the overall boss. Incompetence projected by some of the individuals who run them sees political interference, which indeed, is a major setback in the banking sector of any

France In The Franco Prussian War

France In The Franco Prussian War Three wars determined the fate of Germany, the first one early in 1864 with Denmark, then in 1866 Austria, the final one, France. The last one, Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71 directly led to the founding of Germany after French defeat. The Prussian victory was due much to the isolation of France. A.J.P Taylor commented that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦France was isolated in 1870 as Austria had been in 1866, and actually, these two isolation was the arts of Bismarcks foreign policies. There is no doubt that the favourable international circumstances benefited Bismarcks foreign policies, but like what Taylor had commented that it is inadequate to explain Bismarcks success solely by the mistakes of his opponents, acknowledging his contribution to the isolation of France in the Franco-Prussian War. This essay thus includes the architects of the Iron Chancellor to isolate France before this war. After the defeat of Austria in Seven Weeks War, the Franco-Prussian rivalries were more apparent. While Napoleon III was suspicious of Prussia due to her growing influence in Central Europe, he called for reward for French neutrality in the Austro-Prussian War. Bismarck, however, cleverly utilized his ambition to isolate France. To do so, Bismarck was intended to keep British isolation of France. After Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian war in 1866, Napoleon III of France looked for the purchase of Luxemburg as compensation for neutrality in the war. French diplomat Vincent Benedetti even proposed a draft treaty of Franco-Prussian alliance to Bismarck, which was called the Benedetti treaty, proposing French annexation of Belgium. He later used them as a means to discredit France before the Franco-Prussian War by disclosing this treaty in The Times on July 25, together with the conspiracy of Napoleon III towards Belgium. This move was to arouse the discontent of British and to ensure her isolation on France. It is true that Britain was always suspicious of France right from the start of the 19th century owing to the Napoleonic Era and her strong nationalism, but this is not enough to explain British neutrality. It is Bismarck who utilized British fear to isolate France. British practical concern was Belgium. The Treaty of London in 1839 Britain guaranteed Belgian neutrality. During the Belgian Independence War(1830-9), British had resisted French intervention, since she had to prevent the spread of French influence there. Bismarck was wise to publicize the ambition of France in this region to gain British neutrality in times of war against France. This showed Bismarcks manipulation of international circumstances in foreign policies. The Iron Chancellor, on the other hand, tried his best to keep Russia neutral in the war to isolate France. He tried to get Russian goodwill first by offering the help for the chase of those Polish rebels, though it was rejected by Tsar Alexander II. Bismarcks later foreign policies finally succeed, especially during the period 1866 and 1870, when the Near East Crisis revived. Bismarck did not get involved in it, but he looked to peaceful ways to solve this. For instance, in 1869, Bismarck called a conference in Paris to solve the Cretan Crisis by acting as an honest broker. Actually, the relationship between Russia and Prussia was going on the right track. The Russo-Prussian Agreement was issued by Tsar Alexander II to station 100000 troops on the Austrian frontier to keep Austria in check. This showed that Bismarck in fact won the goodwill of Russia at that time, and it is not surprising Russia would stay neutral in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. Of course, Bismarcks foreign poli cy was only one of the reasons contributing to the Russian neutrality. In fact, Russian military weaknesses led to her neutralization. She just lacked military power in Galicia to mobilize, let alone intervention. However, one cannot deny the effectiveness of Bismarcks foreign policies, which won the goodwill of Russia, avoiding her intervention in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71. Bismarck was well-aware of the Austrian foreign policy. Prussia had just defeated the Austrian in 1866 in the Seven Weeks War. However, Bismarck knew clearly that Austria was crucial to German unification due to the fact that he did not want a Greater Germany, but a Little Germany to ensure Prussian domination in Germany. Bismarck cared much about Austrian neutrality in case of a Franco-Prussian conflict. Actually, he was trying to recover the relation between Austria and Prussia after handing the former a lost in the war in 1866. He forced William I to treat Austria leniently by a threat of suicide. At last, this previous dominant power in the Central Europe lost only Venetia, Holstein and the presidency in the German Confederation according to the Treaty of Prague. She was still remained a power in the Central Europe. However, the above policies by Bismarck did not result in the neutrality. Actually, Austrian intention to take revenge on Prussia was not diminishing until 1870(Struggle for Mastery in Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. p169), which could be seen in the attempt to seek a Triple Alliance between Italy and France in 1868. Notwithstanding, Bismarcks policy to deliberately weakened Austria by stimulating the Hungarian revolt against the Hapsburg Empire during the Austro-Prussian War was the reason for Austrian neutrality. The dual monarchy, Austria-Hungary, was an indirect cause of Bismarcks plot. This led to internal instability in Austria because the newly-founded monarchy had too much to settle, for example the multi-racial sentiment like the demand for equal national rights by the Czechs in Bohemia since 1868, and the compromise with the Magyars, that is, Hungary, on the organization of the government. Austria-Hungary after 1866 defeat faced a chaotic situation, with complicated internal affair s remained unsettled. She was not ready for intervention. She was afraid of repeating Custoza rather than revenging Sadova. In this case, credits should be given to Bismarcks foreign policies, making Austria weak politically and militarily, resulting in her neutrality in Franco-Prussian War in 1870. Uniting with the Southern Germany was a highly serious matter considered by Bismarck. The Prussian Minster-President after the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 faced a difficult task in unifying these Southern German states. Nationalism among these four southern states, Baden, Bavaria, Hesse-Darmstabt and Wurttemberg, were not strong enough to unite with the North German Confederation. Though Bismarck had tried several times to unite with the Southern Germany, these were not successful. The most important one is the setting up of a Zollparlament after 1867, including all the delegates from all German states, regardless of Northern or Southern one. Most deputies from those Southern German states were only inclined to discussions of commercial problems, not political one. On the other hand, the four southern states were hostile to Prussia, and they were different from Prussia in terms of their religion. Prussia was a Protestant state, while others Catholics. Adding to it, there was a danger of these four southern states falling into the hands of Bismarck also due to the demand of Napoleon to get all territories of the left bank of the Rhine. Bismarck was in a headache not only in getting the unification with Southern German states, but to keep them in Prussian side. However, Bismarck turned impossible to miracle. He, intentionally quarreled with France, used her to generate a great force of nationalist emotion and, through inviting foreign French intervention to unite the North and Southern Germany. He wisely exposed the ambition of France in the discussions with the Southern German states to frighten them. This was effective. Secret military alliances were signed between Prussia and the four Southern German states respectively in August 1866. These were crucial, not only did these facilitate the development of close personal contacts with Prussians, but also in 1870, when the Franco-Prussian war was imminent, the Southern Germany took up their arms to help Prussia in the war. In this case, Bismarcks foreign policy manipulated the certain circumstances in the isolation of France before Franco-Prussian War in 1870. Italy, the most ineffective sixth power in Europe, however, was still a concern for Bismarck. He, before the Austro-Prussian War, signed an alliance with the Italians, promising to win her Venetia if she cooperated with Prussia against Austria in the war. At last, though it was France forcing Austria to cede Venetia after the Battle of Sadova in 1866, it was Bismarcks Treaty of Prague confirmed it. This foreign policy by Bismarck was part of the reason leading to the neutrality of Italy in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. But it is arguable whether the neutrality was all of Bismarcks work. Truly, it is the long-time hostility of Italy towards France that caused this neutrality. Actually, France, since 1849, had troops in Rome, and the Italians would not co-operate until France had withdrawn her garrison there. (Bismarck and Germany 1862-1890 p.?) Therefore, those circumstances favoured push Italy away from France, even though an alliance with Austria and France was offered, she found it pointless to cooperate with France. Therefore, Italian neutrality in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 was not only due to Bismarcks foreign policies, but also the favourable circumstances internationally. But Bismarcks work should not be regarded useless, but crucial since Bismarck as least tried his best to win Italian friendship. This was a smart decision. Italy strove to complete her unification. Prussian help in ensuring the return of Venetia won much Italian appreciation. Italy, thankful to Prussia, would not easily take action to stop her in the Franco-Prussian War. So, Bismarcks foreign policy was valuable in the isolation of France. To say Bismarck created circumstances is simply a joke. One can say Bismarck as an opportunist, as he made use certain international circumstances to isolate France. In a period when all the powers in Europe longed only for achieving their own needs, Bismarck was still able to play out his tactics in it. The Austrian neutrality was his playing, the Russian was, and even the Italian was. However, we cannot deny the fact that Bismarck was an architect, planning for the alliance with the Southern German states, for the Ems Telegram. Bismarck was a diplomatic genius. His cruel blood and iron policy earned him, and William I, an entire new and Prussian-led German Empire.

Relation of Crime and Family Essays -- Sociology Essays Papers Crimina

Crime is sometimes blamed on the family, with poor parenting, lack of discipline and family breakdown often associated with youth crime. A recurrent theme in academic research has been to investigate the relationship between delinquency and a range of family related factors. Early studies explored child-rearing behaviour, parental discipline, the criminal histories of parents and family size and income. Popular theories in the 1950s and 1960s related juvenile delinquency to material deprivation, broken homes and to the growing number of ‘latch key’ children who were left unsupervised after school while their mothers went to work. All of these presaged current concerns with discipline and the role of single-parent families. What has emerged from this research is that some family factors are related to the likelihood of delinquency but that they must be considered in the context of the socio-economic circumstances of the family and the others factors such as school and the peer group. The following factors have emerged as particularly important. Parental discipline and supervision Parental discipline has always been seen as a major factor underlying youth crime and it was found that inconsistent and erratic discipline are more likely to be associated with delinquency than lax or strict discipline (West and Farrington 1973, 1977). More recent studies have focused on the quality of parental supervision, often measured by whether parents know where their children are when they are not at home. A Home Office study in 1995, for example, found that supervision was strongly related to offending with higher numbers of those who were no... ...ng number of people who are able to work but choose not to, live in a ‘different world’ from others. They do not obtain good habits and discipline and their values contaminate ‘the life of entire neighbourhoods’ (Murray 1996:p123). Men in such communities cannot support families, leading to high rates of illegitimacy, and seek alternative, destructive means of proving that they are men. Whole communities are devastated by crime and young men look up to criminal role models. Whether or not the underclass exists, most agree that industrial restructuring has led to the growth of communities within which the majority of inhabitants are excluded from work and its associated benefits, and that these are also characterised by high amounts of property crime, youth crime and illegal drug use (Davies, Croall & Tyrer 1999).